Afghanistan | Dari Persian, Pashtu (both official), other Turkic and minor languages | AF | .af | | |
Albania | Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek | AL | .al | ALL | lek |
Algeria | Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects | DZ | .dz | DZD | dinar |
Andorra | Cataln (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese | AD | .ad | | |
Angola | Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages | AO | .ao | AOA | kwanza |
Antigua and Barbuda | English (official), local dialects | AG | .ag | | |
Argentina | Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French | AR | .ar | ARS | peso |
Armenia | Armenian 98%, Yezidi, Russian | AM | .am | AMD | dram |
Australia | English 79%, native and other languages | AU | .com.au | | |
Austria | German (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region) | AT | .at | EUR | euro |
Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) | AZ | .az | AZN | manat |
Bahamas | English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants) | BS | .bs | | |
Bahrain | Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu | BH | .bh | BHD | dinar |
Bangladesh | Bangla (official), English Bengali | BD | .com.bd | | |
Barbados | English | BB | .bb | BBD | dollar |
Belarus | Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other | BY | .by | BYN | rouble |
Belgium | Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official) | BE | .be | EUR | euro |
Belize | English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole | BZ | .bz | | |
Benin | French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages | BJ | .bj | | |
Bhutan | Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese) | NP | .com.np | | |
Bolivia | Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official) | BO | .bo | BOB | boliviano |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian | BA | .ba | BAM | konvertibilna marka |
Botswana | English 2% (official), Setswana 78%, Kalanga 8%, Sekgalagadi 3%, other (2001) | BW | .bw | BWP | pula |
Brazil | Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French | BR | .br | BRL | real |
Brunei | Malay (official), English, Chinese Bahasa Melayu | BN | .com.bn | | |
Bulgaria | Bulgarian 85%, Turkish 10%, Roma 4% | BG | .bg | BGN | lev |
Burkina Faso | French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90% | BF | .bf | | |
Burundi | Kirundi and French (official), Swahili | BI | .bi | | |
Cambodia | Khmer 95% (official), French, English | KH | .kh | KHR | riel |
Cameroon | French, English (both official); 24 major African language groups | CM | .cm | XAF | CFA franc BEAC |
Canada | English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5% | CA | .ca | CAD | dollar |
Cape Verde | Portuguese, Criuolo | CV | .cv | CVE | escudo |
Central African Republic | French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languages | CF | .cf | | |
Chad | French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialects | TD | .td | XAF | CFA franc BEAC |
Chile | Spanish | CL | .cl | CLP | peso |
China | Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages | CN | .cn | CNY | yuan |
Colombia | Spanish | CO | .co | COP | peso |
Comoros | Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend) | KM | .km | | |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba | CG | .cg | CDF | franc |
Congo, Republic of | French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialects | CG | .cg | XAF | CFA franc BEAC |
Costa Rica | Spanish (official), English | CR | .cr | CRC | colon |
Cte d’Ivoire | French (official) and African languages (Dioula esp.) | KT | .kt | | |
Croatia | Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German) | HR | .hr | HRK | kuna |
Cuba | Spanish | CU | .cu | | |
Cyprus | Greek, Turkish (both official); English | CY | .cy | EUR | euro |
Czech Republic | Czech | CS | .cz | CZK | koruna |
Denmark | Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language | DK | .dk | DKK | kroner |
Djibouti | French and Arabic (both official), Somali, Afar | DJ | dj | | |
Dominica | English (official) and French patois | DM | .dm | | |
Dominican Republic | Spanish | DO | .do | DOP | peso |
East Timor | Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak | ID | .id | | |
Ecuador | Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages | EC | .ec | USD | dollar |
Egypt | Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes | EG | .eg | EGP | pound |
El Salvador | Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) | EV | .ev | USD | dollar |
Equatorial Guinea | Spanish, French (both official); pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo | GQ | .gq | XAF | CFA franc BEAC |
Eritrea | Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages | ER | .er | | |
Estonia | Estonian 67% (official), Russian 30%, other (2000) | EE | .ee | EUR | euro |
Ethiopia | Amharic, Tigrigna, Orominga, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, English, over 70 others | ET | .et | | |
Fiji | English (official), Fijian, Hindustani | FJ | .fj | FJD | dollar |
Finland | Finnish 92%, Swedish 6% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minorities | FI | .fi | EUR | euro |
France | French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provenal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) Français Corsica | FR | .fr | | |
Gabon | French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi | GA | .ga | XAF | CFA franc BEAC |
Gambia | English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous | GM | .gm | | |
Georgia | Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azerbaijani 6%, other 7% (Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia) | GE | .ge | GEL | lari |
Germany | German Deutsch Dutch | DE | .de | EUR | euro |
Ghana | English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) | GH | .gh | GHS | cedi |
Greece | Greek 99% (official), English, French | GR | .gr | EUR | euro |
Grenada | English (official), French patois | GD | .gd | | |
Guatemala | Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) | GT | .gt | GTQ | quetzal |
Guinea | French (official), native tongues (Malink, Susu, Fulani) | GN | .gn | | |
Guinea-Bissau | Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languages | GW | .gw | | |
Guyana | English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu | GY | .gy | GYD | dollar |
Haiti | Creole and French (both official) | HT | .ht | | |
Honduras | Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects; English widely spoken in business | HN | .hn | HNL | lempira |
Hungary | Magyar (Hungarian) 94%, other 6% Magyarország | HU | .hu | HUF | forint |
Iceland | Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken | IS | .is | ISK | krona |
India | Hindi 30%, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all official); Hindi/Urdu; 1,600+ dialects | IN | .in | INR | rupee |
Indonesia | Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other languages and dialects | ID | .id | IDR | rupiah |
Iran | Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2% | IR | .ir | | |
Iraq | Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian | IQ | .iq | IQD | dinar |
Ireland | English, Irish (Gaelic) (both official) | IE | .ie | EUR | euro |
Israel | Hebrew (official), Arabic, English | IL | .il | ILS | shekel |
Italy | Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minorities Italiano | IT | .it | EUR | euro |
Jamaica | English, Jamaican Creole | JM | .jm | JMD | dollar |
Japan | Japanese | JP | .co.jp | JPY | yen |
Jordan | Arabic (official), English | JO | .jo | JOD | dinar |
Kazakhstan | Kazak (Qazaq, state language) 64%; Russian (official, used in everyday business) 95% (2001 est.) | KG | .kz | KZT | tenge |
Kenya | English (official), Swahili (national), and numerous indigenous languages | KE | .ke | KES | shilling |
Kiribati | English (official), I-Kiribati (Gilbertese) | KI | .ki | | |
Korea, North | Korean | KP | .kp | | |
Korea, South | Korean, English widely taught | KR | .co.kr | KRW | won |
Kuwait | Arabic (official), English | KW | .kw | KWD | dinar |
Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz, Russian (both official) | KG | .kg | KGS | som |
Laos | Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages | LA | .la | LAK | kip |
Latvia | Latvian 58% (official), Russian 38%, Lithuanian, other (2000) | LV | .lv | EUR | euro |
Lebanon | Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian | LB | .lb | LBP | pound |
Lesotho | English, Sesotho (both official); Zulu, Xhosa | LS | .ls | | |
Liberia | English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic-group languages | LR | .lr | | |
Libya | Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major cities | LY | .ly | LYD | dinar |
Liechtenstein | German (official), Alemannic dialect | LI | .li | CHF | franc |
Lithuania | Lithuanian 82% (official), Russian 8%, Polish 6% (2001) | LT | .lt | EUR | euro |
Luxembourg | Luxermbourgish (national) French, German (both administrative) | LU | .lu | EUR | euro |
Macedonia | Macedonian 67%, Albanian 25% (both official); Turkish 4%, Roma 2%, Serbian 1% (2002) | MK | .mk | | |
Madagascar | Malagasy and French (both official) | MG | .mg | MGA | ariary |
Malawi | Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998) | MW | .mw | MWK | kwacha |
Malaysia | Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia | MY | .my | MYR | ringgit |
Maldives | Maldivian Dhivehi (official); English spoken by most government officials | MV | .mv | MVR | rufiyaa |
Mali | French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages | ML | .ml | | |
Malta | Maltese and English (both official) | MT | .mt | EUR | euro |
Marshall Islands | Marshallese 98% (two major dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family), English widely spoken as a second language (both official); Japanese | MH | .mh | | |
Mauritania | Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Wolof | MR | .mr | MRU | ouguiya |
Mauritius | English less than 1% (official), Creole 81%, Bojpoori 12%, French 3% (2000) | MU | .mu | MUR | rupee |
Mexico | Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages | MX | .com.mx | MXN | peso |
Micronesia | English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi | FM | .fm | | |
Moldova | Moldovan (official; virtually the same as Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) | MD | .md | MDL | leu |
Monaco | French (official), English, Italian, Mongasque | MC | .mc | | |
Mongolia | Mongolian, 90%; also Turkic and Russian (1999) | MN | .mn | MNT | tugrik |
Montenegro | Serbian/Montenegrin (Ijekavian dialect?official) | ME | .me | EUR | euro |
Morocco | Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often used for business, government, and diplomacy | MA | .ma | MAD | dirham |
Mozambique | Portuguese 9% (official; second language of 27%), Emakhuwa 26%, Xichangana 11%, Elomwe 8%, Cisena 7%, Echuwabo 6%, other Mozambican languages 32% (1997) | MZ | .mz | MZN | metical |
Myanmar | Burmese, minority languages | MM | .mm | MMK | kyat |
Namibia | English 7% (official), Afrikaans is common language of most of the population and of about 60% of the white population, German 32%; indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama | NA | .na | NAD | dollar |
Nauru | Nauruan (official), English | NR | .nr | | |
Nepal | Nepali 48% (official), Maithali 12%, Bhojpuri 7%, Tharu 6%, Tamang 5%, others. English spoken by many in government and business (2001) | NP | .np | | |
Netherlands | Dutch, Frisian (both official) | NL | .nl | | |
New Zealand | English, Maori (both official) | NZ | .nz | NZD | dollar |
Nicaragua | Spanish 98% (official); English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast (1995) | NI | .ni | NIO | cordoba oro |
Niger | French (official), Hausa, Djerma | NE | .ne | | |
Nigeria | English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, and more than 200 others | NG | .ng | NGN | naira |
Norway | Bokml Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities (Sami is official in six municipalities) | NO | .no | NOK | kroner |
Oman | Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects | OM | .om | OMR | rial |
Pakistan | Urdu 8%, English (both official); Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski, and others 8% | PK | .pk | PKR | rupee |
Palau | Palauan 64.7%, English 9.4%, Sonsoralese, Tobi, Angaur (each official on some islands), Filipino 13.5%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000) | PW | .pw | | |
Palestinian State (proposed) | Arabic, Hebrew, English | PS | .ps | | |
Panama | Spanish (official), English 14%, many bilingual | PA | .pa | PAB and USD | balboa and dollar |
Papua New Guinea | Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin, the lingua franca), Hiri Motu (in Papua region), English 1%?2%; 715 indigenous languages | PG | .pg | PGK | kina |
Paraguay | Spanish, Guaran (both official) | PY | .py | PYG | guarani |
Peru | Spanish, Quchua (both official); Aymara; many minor Amazonian languages | PE | .pe | PEN | nuevo sol |
Philippines | Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense | PH | .ph | PHP | peso |
Poland | Polish 98% (2002) | PL | .pl | PLN | zloty |
Portugal | Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used) | PT | .pt | EUR | euro |
Qatar | Arabic (official); English a common second language | QA | .qa | QAR | riyal |
Romania | Romanian (official), Hungarian, German | RO | .ro | RON | leu |
Russia | Russian, others | RU | .ru | RUB | ruble |
Rwanda | Kinyarwanda, French, and English (all official); Kiswahili in commercial centers | RW | .rw | RWF | franc |
St. Kitts and Nevis | English | KN | .kn | | |
St. Lucia | English (official), French patois | LC | .lc | | |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | English, French patois | VC | .vc | | |
Samoa | Samoan, English | WS | .ws | | |
San Marino | Italian | SM | .sm | | |
So Tom and Prncipe | Portuguese (official) | ST | .st | | |
Saudi Arabia | Arabic | SA | .sa | SAR | riyal |
Senegal | French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka | SN | .sn | XOF | CFA franc BCEAO |
Serbia | Serbian (official); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo) | RS SRB | .rs | RSD | dinar |
Seychelles | Seselwa Creole 92%, English 5%, French (all official) (2002) | SC | .sc | | |
Sierra Leone | English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca) | SL | .sl | | |
Singapore | Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000) | SG | .sg | SGD | dollar |
Slovakia | Slovak 84% (official), Hungarian 11%, Roma 2%, Ukrainian 1% (2001) | SK | .sk | | |
Slovenia | Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 5% (2002) | SI | .si | EUR | euro |
Solomon Islands | English 1%?2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages | SB | .sb | | |
Somalia | Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian | SO | .so | | |
South Africa | IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% (2001) Afrikaans | ZA | .za | ZAR | rand |
Spain | Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally) Spanish | ES | .es | EUR | euro |
Sri Lanka | Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10% | LKA | .lk | LKR | rupee |
Sudan | Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English | SD | .sd | | |
Suriname | Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese | SR | .sr | | |
Swaziland | English, siSwati (both official) | SZ | .sz | SZL | lilangeni |
Sweden | Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities | SE | .se | SEK | krona |
Switzerland | German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national) | CH | .ch | CHF | franc |
Syria | Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood | SY | .sy | | |
Taiwan | Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects | TW | .tw | TWD | dollar |
Tajikistan | Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business | TJ | .tj | TJS | somoni |
Tanzania | Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages | TZ | .tz | TZS | shilling |
Thailand | Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects | TH | .th | THB | baht |
Togo | French (official, commerce); Ew, Mina (south); Kaby, Dagomba (north); and many dialects | TG | .tg | | |
Tonga | Tongan (an Austronesian language), English | TO | .to | | |
Trinidad and Tobago | English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese | TT | .tt | TTD | dollar |
Tunisia | Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce) | TN | .tn | TND | dinar |
Turkey | Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian | TR | .tr | TRY | lira |
Turkmenistan | Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7% | TM | .tm | TMT | manat |
Tuvalu | Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) | TV | .tv | | |
Uganda | English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic | UG | .ug | UAH | hryvnia |
Ukraine | Ukrainian 67%, Russian 24%, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian | UA | .ua | | |
United Arab Emirates | Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu | AE | .ae | AED | dirham |
United Kingdom | English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic | UK GB | .co.uk | GBP | sterling |
United States | English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000) | USA | .com | USD | dollar |
Uruguay | Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero | UY | .uy | UYU | peso |
Uzbekistan | Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% | UZ | .uz | UZS | soum |
Vanuatu | Bislama 23% (a Melanesian pidgin English), English 2%, French 1% (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages 73% | VU | .vu | | |
Vatican City (Holy See) | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages | VA | .va | | |
Venezuela | Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects | VE | .ve | VEF | bolivar |
Vietnam | Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) | VN | .vn | VND | dong |
Western Sahara (proposed state) | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic | EH | .eh | | |
Yemen | Arabic | YE | .ye | | |
Zambia | English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages | ZM | .zm | ZMW | kwacha |
Zimbabwe | English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects | ZW | .zw | ZWD | dollar |